Page 32 - Demo
P. 32
Chapter 230Table 6: Scores for preoperative anxiety, expected pain, experienced pain according to experience with injections.Pre-operative anxietyExpected injection painExperienced anxietyExperienced injection painQuestion Answer Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD M SD nDNE-2* Always 4.24 3.11 4.43 2.82 3.19 2.42 4.19 3.37 21Usually 4.43 2.21 4.78 1.98 3.22 1.86 3.70 2.84 23Reasonably 6.67 2.66 4.33 3.50 4.00 3.10 4.67 3.72 6Little bit 4.50 3.54 4.00 4.20 4.00 1.41 5.00 2.83 2Total 4.62 2.72 4.56 2.53 3.33 2.20 4.06 3.10 52DNE-3* Severe 6.29 3.15 7.00 2.83 6.71 3.15 6.29 2.63 7Average 5.00 3.02 5.67 2.15 3.67 3.42 3.25 2.01 12Mild 3.88 2.15 3.79 1.79 3.79 2.78 2.96 1.68 24No pain 3.86 2.91 3.00 2.83 2.86 1.77 2.00 1.00 7Total 4.48 2.69 4.58 2.51 4.04 3.02 3.36 2.18 50DNE-4* Very relaxed 1.00 1.41 3.50 3.54 0.50 0.71 3.50 0.71 2Relaxed 2.46 2.18 2.54 1.66 2.38 2.33 1.85 1.07 13Neutral 4.24 2.05 4.19 2.11 3.29 2.26 3.00 2.05 21Quite anxious 6.77 0.83 6.23 1.54 6.54 2.82 4.85 2.30 13Very anxious 10.0 0.00 9.50 0.71 10.0 0.00 6.50 2.12 2Total 4.53 2.68 4.47 2.48 4.04 3.12 3.33 2.22 51*P < o.o5 (analysis of variance).DNE-2 = “How well does an oral injection usually work for you?”DNE-3 = “Thinking about your last oral injection, how much pain did you feel?”DNE-4 = ‘Thinking about your last oral injection, how anxious were you?”DNE, Dental needle experience.DiscussionThis study examined the physiological responses, such as sweat secretion, RSP, and HR, of 66 patients after receiving local anesthetics as well as the pre-operative anxiety, expected injection pain, experienced anxiety, and experienced injection pain related to a mandibular block injection. In earlier studies by our research group, subjects were instructed to raise their hand when feeling pain from the injection for as long as they felt pain, and to lower their hand as soon as the pain was gone.11,18 Time or duration of pain was measured using a stopwatch. It was expected that adding physiologic measures, such as HR, GSR, and RSP, to the different questionnaires would make it possible to assess to what extent the subjective outcomes corresponded with the physiologic response of patients experiencing the injection as painful.
