Page 26 - Demo

Chapter 224and RSP were registered. The SpO2 was also registered with a pulse oxygen meter (CSI Criticare, model 506 DXN/SPO 2/Comfort Cuff, Firma Medicare).Dental injectionAll patients received a standardized mandibular block injection. The location, the temperature, the amount of anesthetic fluid (articaine/hydrochloride 40 mg with epinephrine 0.01 mg, 1.7-mL syringe Ultracain D-S forte, SanofiAventis Netherlands BV, Gouda, The Netherlands) and type of needle (27 gauge/0.40 x 35 mm) were all standardized. One highly experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon gave all the mandibular block injections.ProcedureIn the waiting room, eligible patients were informed about the present study and asked to participate. Participation was on a voluntary basis. On agreement, an informed consent form was signed. The patients were informed that the study consisted of two parts. The first part consisted of filling out questionnaires in the waiting room. Patients were told that during the second part they would be connected to sensors that registered physiological responses before, during, and after the injection. After being seated in the surgery room, patients were connected to the sensors of Nexus-10 and instructed to relax. At the moment of injection, a marker was placed in the Biotrace+ software. After the injection, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon left the room and the patients were asked to relax again for 30 s. After these 30 s, patients were asked what level of pain and anxiety they experienced during the injection (NRS).Statistical analysisThe distribution of categorical variables was analyzed with the χ2 test. Independent mean scores were compared with the independent-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA for more than two groups. The paired-samples t-test was used to compare dependent mean scores. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used as a measure of linear association. The level of significance was set at an alpha of 0.05.