Page 28 - Demo

Chapter 226pre-operative anxiety scores in the range of 7-10; yet, only 15 (22.7%) patients experienced anxiety in a range of 7-10. There was no significant relationship between gender and pre-operative anxiety scores between 7-10 or below, X2(1)=2.22; p=0.14. Table 1: Mean scores, standard deviation, and score distribution for anxiety and pain intensity.Mean SD NRS 0-6 NRS 7-10Pre-operative anxietyExpected injection painExperienced anxietyExperienced injection pain4.584.734.023.452.802.442.932.1768.2q.2w.3‡.91.8(.8".7.1%NRS, Numerical rating scale; SD, standard deviation.Physiological responseThe GSR data for two patients were discarded from analyses because the scores were more than 3 times SD above the mean score. To be able to analyze the results of the physiological response, four phases and two markers were distinguished (Figure I). Phase 1 was the relax-phase without the oral and maxillofacial surgeon present in the operation room. Phase 2 was the relaxphase while the oral and maxillofacial surgeon was in the operation room. Between phase 1 and phase 2, a marker (oral and maxillofacial surgeon) was placed when the oral and maxillofacial surgeon entered the room. Phase 3 started when the operation chair went down until the moment of injection. This moment was marked with “injection” and phase 4 consisted of the oral injection. Mean scores from the physiological response are presented in Table II. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the associations between pre-operative anxiety, expected injection pain, experienced anxiety, and experienced injection pain and the physiological response for phases 2 and 4 (Table 3). There was a significant positive relationship between experienced anxiety and the HR in phase 4, r = 0.30 (n=66); P= 0.01. Table 2: Mean scores physiological response.GSR RSP HRPhase Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD N1 10.32 4.98 30 21.40 6.95 31 86.81 13.69 312 10.98 6.58 64 22.35 6.22 66 85.64 14.60 663 12.06 8.40 64 22.61 7.34 66 88.98 14.37 664 16.15 11.67 64 20.14 5.47 66 83.35 15.85 66GRS, galvanic skin response; RSP, respiration; HR, heart rate; SD, standard deviation.