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The eye as a window to the brain1816Table 2. Blood vessel morphology and retinal layer thickness.22q11.2DSN=49ControlsN=57Effect size aStatistics bBlood vessel morphology Mean SD Mean SD Cohen’s d PCRAE, μmCRVE, μmFDTortuosity143.45251.931.381.4731.6536.630.100.17140.34250.101.261.3630.4335.030.140.070.100.050.990.850.610.79<0.001<0.00122q11.2DSN=41ControlsN=40Effect size aStatistics bPeripapillary RNFL, μm Mean SD Mean SD Cohen’s d PGlobal c 99.59 12.57 99.75 8.85 - 0.01 0.95 Nasal superior Nasal Nasal inferior Temporal inferior Temporal Temporal superior107.6684.9596.93136.9574.24136.6625.9818.3630.6028.1814.5120.43100.9073.10109.45147.1576.73140.1817.8014.1725.7718.4912.5920.740.300.72- 0.44- 0.43- 0.18- 0.170.180.0020.050.060.410.4422q11.2DSN=16ControlsN=40Effect size aStatistics bMacula, μm Mean SD Mean SD Cohen’s d P Fovea Parafovea Temporal Superior Nasal Inferior Perifovea Temporal Superior Nasal Inferior279.75330.31344.44344.81338.31290.19306.13311.88287.8126.018.8611.6912.5512.5810.0616.5220.8910.70282.2335.40345.40348.63343.40290.05301.00317.74293.6422.0813.7615.7613.1212.0813.3613.1814.2915.04- 0.10- 0.31- 0.07- 0.30- 0.410.010.34- 0.33- 0.450.720.270.830.330.170.970.230.230.17a Cohen’s d effect sizes were determined by the mean difference between the groups, divided by the pooled SD.b Independent samples T-tests were used to compare continuous variables between groups.c The global RNFL thickness represents the average thickness of the six subsections. Bold font indicates statistical significance.22q11.2DS=22q11.2 deletion syndrome, SD=standard deviation, CRAE=central retinal artery equivalent, CRVE=central retinal vein equivalent, FD=fractal dimension, RNFL=retinal nerve fiberlayer.Regarding the peripapillary RNFL, moderate significant negative correlations were found of age with retinal thickness of the global, temporal inferior and temporal superior segments in adults with 22q11.2DS, but not in controls. For macular thickness, there was a significant moderate negative correlation of age with the perifoveal superior segment in both adults with 22q11.2DS and controls.