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4Robot technology in analyzing tooth removal, a proof of concept71incisor when this procedure is performed by a dental intern (Fig. 8) and an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon (Fig. 7). Both teeth were central upper incisor with a composite restoration, a healthy periodontium and a root length of 14mm. The dental student:- exerts more than twice the amount of forces in the beginning of the procedure- shows a less recognizable plan in terms of movements consisting of a mixture of rotational and buccopalatinal movements- fractures the root of the tooth. This was clinically noted to happen at T(seconds) = 33. Here a small spike in the forces and torques can be observedThe surgeon manages to keep forces and torques at a relative low and stable amount whilst increasing the movements (loosen the tooth).Fig. 8: Removal of a central upper incisor (11) by a dental student. The arrows indicate the spikes that occur at the instance the tooth fractures.Tom van Riet.indd 71 26-10-2023 11:59