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Chapter 468 (a) Upper jaw holder. (b) Lower jaw holder.Fig. 5: Representation of the anatomical preparation of the upper- and lower jaw to fit the holding devices. The reference frames for upper- and lower teeth are shown.ResultsIn order to provide a comprehensive overview of the data that can be obtained using this measurement setup, while also safeguarding the readability of this article, representative examples of data on movements, forces, and clinical data are shown. One of the main goals of this setup was to visualize what movements happen during tooth removal. To the authors best of knowledge, this has never been done before. In textbooks on oral surgery usually a short and basic movement pattern is advised for successful tooth removal[11]. Which movement pattern to choose is largely based on tooth root morphology. For example, a central upper incisor, which has only 1 root that usually has a round shape, is advised to ‘rotate’ out of the bony socket. For an upper molar with 3 roots, a movement from buccal to the palatal side is advised, largely luxating towards the buccal side. Fig. 6 shows the movements recorded during removal of an upper central incisor (tooth number 21). In this figure, the described pattern from the textbook can be clearly recognized. Rotations around x and y-axis are absent whilst a recurrent rotation around the tooth’s axis is evident. The data shows both a clockwise and counterclockwise rotation around the tooth’s axis that increases towards the clockwise side before the tooth is taken out. At the end of the movement, a slight increase in movements around the x and y-axis shows a wiggle to release the tooth.Tom van Riet.indd 68 26-10-2023 11:59