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Chapter 470pushed into its socket. During this phase, only a little movement (rotation) can be distinguished. Later during the treatment, we can see a clear turnaround in terms of forces. Pushing into the socket becomes pulling whilst movements are increasing, meaning the tooth is coming loose.Fig. 7: Removal of a central upper incisor (21) by an experienced surgeonClinical dataTo gain a representative dataset, most experiments during the testing phase have been performed by the same experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon. To test if the differences between an experienced and an inexperienced clinician can be visualized, a dental intern was asked to perform experiments as well. In total, the surgeon removed 76 teeth of fresh frozen cadavers of which in 5 (7%) cases a fracture of a root occurred. The dental intern removed 21 teeth, also of fresh frozen cadaver head of which in 9 (43%) cases a fracture of a root occurred. To see if the data can deliver us further insight in what the differences between the two clinicians are, a comparison of a removal of the same type of tooth between the dental intern and the experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon can be made. Without the necessity of an in-depth analysis, we can see major differences between the removal a central upper Tom van Riet.indd 70 26-10-2023 11:59