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Chapter 344Implantology and surgerySeventeen articles addressed the field of implantology and two the field of dental surgery, making it the second largest group of articles concerning robot technology in dentistry. Except for two articles, describing a commercially available robot, all included articles were categorized into the basic research group [32, 33]. In contrast to other fields, the application of robot technology in implantology is heterogeneous. A few studies were categorized as being theoretical research only and proposed designs for different parts of an implantology robot [34-37]. Some papers propose different methods of how robot technology can be used for transferring a treatment plan to the patient. One method is an indirect technique where the robot assists in creating drill guides for a surgeon to use during implant treatment [32, 38-40], whereas other initiatives let the robot guide the drill directly towards the proposed location. The latter has been performed by using a separate coordinate measuring machine attached to both robot and jaw [41, 42] or directly with the aid of computer vision [43-45]. Two articles focused on tele-robotic systems where haptic feedback was studied during implant drilling [46, 47]. The development of an ultra-short pulse laser robot-controlled system for preparation of implant sites [48] was described by the same research group involved in using the robot and laser combination for restorative dentistry purposes [6]. Despite being commercially available, only one case report was included describing the use of Yomi [33]. Other reviews often mention the system, but refer to other reviews or grey literature when discussing its capabilities [49-51].Most articles concerning implantology and dental surgery are aimed towards hard tissue surgery. A recent paper by a Russian research group developed a prototype of a probe determining soft tissue contact, necessary for (diode) laser surgery to the soft tissue [52]. Another study described a robot as part of a measurement setup to enable an in depth analysis of movements during tooth removal procedures. Data is used to model the procedure for both scientific as well as educational purposes [53].ProsthodonticsAll ten articles concerning prosthodontics originated in China. No article had a technology readiness level exceeding the level of proof of concept (level 3) and all were categorized into basic research. Nine articles described the developmental process of an automatic tooth arrangement robot for dentures by researchers from the same research institutes in Eastern China. Four of these originated between 2000 and 2002 [54-57], five between 2010 and 2013 (Fig. 3) [58-62]. Its goal was to automatically place Tom van Riet.indd 44 26-10-2023 11:59