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3Robot Technology in dentistry, an overview of initiatives39IntroductionIn the field of medical surgery, different types of robotic systems are already widely in use. The “Da Vinci” robot (Intuitive Surgery, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is one of the most well-known examples. According to data provided by Intuitive in 2019, over 5500 systems are in clinical use worldwide and over 7 million surgical cases have been performed [1]. The robot is a master-slave system, in which hand movements of a surgeon are transmitted to the robot and reproduced on a smaller scale, usually in difficult to reach locations. Whilst the Da Vinci robot is most commonly used in the field of Urology and Gynecology, it is also used by Head and Neck surgeons in, for example, transoral robotic surgery and neck dissections [2, 3]. In dentistry one of the most well-known robots is the archwire bending robot of the Suresmile orthodontic system (OraMetrix, Inc., Richardson, TX, USA), first described in 2001 [4]. Since then, robot technology has been described in many other fields of dentistry such as in restorative dentistry and education [5-7]. Some of these systems have become commercially available for use in the general dentist practice, such as the implantology robot ‘Yomi’ (Neocis, Miami, Florida, USA).In part one of this systematic review, it was shown that over 80% of the first authors of articles concerning robot technology in dentistry have a technological background. Therefore, it might be difficult for the general dentist to keep track of these technological developments and their scientific standing. Robot technology itself is a rapidly developing scientific field. With a recent shift towards the development of more compliant robots, which facilitates human-robot interaction, it might be expected that new initiatives of robot technology in dentistry will be introduced.For robot technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery an extensive systematic review of literature exists [3] but a systematic overview of initiatives in dentistry is, to the authors best of knowledge, missing. After discussing the characteristics of literature and technological readiness in part one of this systematic review, the primary aim of this second part was to construct a comprehensive overview of the usage of different robot technology initiatives in all fields of dentistry. Tom van Riet.indd 39 26-10-2023 11:59