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Chapter 7242make experience sampling methods more acceptable, available, and appropriate for people with intellectual disability. On the other hand, more research may be needed to examine the feasibility of experience sampling methods for people with intellectual disabilities and different comorbid neurodevelopmental conditions. Additionally, none of the studies in the review included individuals with moderate to severe intellectual disability, which is another avenue for future research.Recommendations for research and clinical practiceWe recommend future experience sampling studies involving people with intellectual disability to personalise the study design, following the needs and preferences of individual participants. On the level of questionnaire items, researchers may consult with participants to assess if they understand the language, which response scales they prefer, and if they prefer the use of visuals, such as pictograms. A possible way to tailor the content of the questionnaire to participants’ needs could be to include both standardised and personalised questions, which was previously done by Hulsmans and colleagues (2023). The experience sampling protocol may be adjusted to participants’ needs and preferences for the duration of sampling (i.e., the minimum number of days participants find acceptable), number of prompts per day, and their preference for time-scheduled or random prompts. In our study, some participants strongly preferred prompts on a set time schedule because of problems with attention or with having difficulty filling in the questionnaires during other tasks. While using a set time protocol for these participants may increase their acceptance of the method and possibly their compliance, this may also limit possibilities for exploring time-variant associations between internal states and environmental exposures. Furthermore, the way in which set times are chosen may introduce selection bias in the experiences and events that are sampled. In addition, researchers are advised to check in with participants during the study period, to provide support and help with any technical difficulties that may arise. Lasty, we recommend researchers of future experience sampling studies to include a qualitative examination of participants’ experiences at the end of the study period. Some participants in our study reported being irritated by the questionnaire items or prompts. This may lead to artefactual reports of negative mood in the questionnaire, causing potential bias in the Annelieke Muller sHL.indd 242 14-11-2023 09:07