Page 243 - Demo

Experience sampling methods for mental health research in intellectual disability2417the questionnaire response scales to the needs of users. Some participants found it annoying to receive random prompts, for example, because of problems with attention, and some valued the predictability of the same order of questions during every prompt, whereas others found this boring and annoying. Further, we explored the acceptability of using pictograms or emoticons in the questionnaires. Some participants indicated that the use of visuals depends on the needs and preferences of individuals. In the scoping review, the compliance rates varied widely between studies. The lowest compliance rate of 34% was reported by Wilson et al. (2020). Other studies reported higher compliance rates, around 70%.24–26 Feller et al. (2021) reported a relatively high response rate of 95%. As suggested by these authors, this may be due to the guidance the researchers provided during the data collection. A recent meta-analysis showed an average compliance of 79% across k = 347 experience sampling studies involving non-clinical and clinical samples and different age groups.28 Most of the studies in our review reported comparable response rates, with the exception of Wilson et al. (2020). As the authors noted, this may be due to the inability to use their device or respond to notifications during daily activities, such as work. Participants in our study also mentioned this as a reason for not responding to the questionnaires. However, we did not examine participants’ compliance rates, which is a limitation.Both the scoping review and the interviews reflect the heterogeneity of the target population. Two studies in the scoping were targeted at people with mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning,25,26 in one study, people with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability were the target group,3 and in four studies, the target group were people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.21–24 In the feasibility study by Hulsmans et al. (2023), one-third of participants had at least one comorbid DSM-5 diagnosis. Two participants in our study mentioned having a neurodevelopmental disorder (attention-deficit hyperactive disorder and autism), which impacted their acceptance of the method itself and the experience sampling designs they tested. On the one hand, these findings point to the need to tailor experience sampling methods to the needs and preferences of users. In terms of the domains of accessibility of the Access to Care Framework,15 this may Annelieke Muller sHL.indd 241 14-11-2023 09:07