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Experience sampling methods for mental health research in intellectual disability2277Table 1. Characteristics of Included Studies.Authors Target populationSample size Age of participants (years)Experience sampling designSampling frequencyDuration of samplingNumber of questionnaire itemsExperience sampling applicationExisting or custom-made applicationMode of data collectionMental health related outcomesInstrumentsFeller et al. (2023)22q11.2 deletion syndrome, autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disabilityN = 107 (n= 32 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome)M = 19.19, SD = 4.67Time-based, semi,random8 times/day during 6 consecutive daysUnlimited time, sessions <15 mins were kept in the analysis33-38 RealLife ExpExisting applicationMobile phone Positive affect, negative affect, experience of aloneness, experience of social interactionSelf-designed questionnaireFeller et al. (2021)22q11.2 deletion syndromeN = 86 (n= 37 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome)M = 18.32, SD = 3.976Time-based, semi,random8 times/day during 6 consecutive days2 min 40 s ± 1 min 34 s 12 RealLife ExpExisting applicationMobile phone Positive affect, negative affect, psychotic experiencesSelf-designed questionnaireGosens et al. (2023)Mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioningN = 12 Range: 18-35Time-based, timing determined in consultation with participants1 time/day, study duration between 5-11 months Participants had 230-720 mins to complete the diary2-3 Ethica Existing applicationMobile phone Frequency and quantity of substance abuseSelf-designed questionnaireHulsmans et al. (2023)Mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioningN = 50 M = 21.4, SD = 5.1Time-based, timing determined in consultation with participants1 time/day during 60 consecutive daysParticipants’ reports: completing took between <1 to 8 min (median: 2 min).8 Ethica Existing applicationMobile phone Internalising symptoms (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking); externalising symptoms (impulsivity, sensation seeking)Self-designed questionnaireHyde et al. (2021)22q11.2 deletion syndromeN = 50 (n= 29 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome)M = 33.7 years, SD = 9.80Time-based, random10 times/day during 6 consecutive days (affect items)Not reported 9 (affect items) PsyMate Existing applicationPsyMate devicePositive affect, negative affectSelf-designed questionnairePrice et al. (2015)Acquired brain injuryN = 1 26 Unclear Daily 10 minutes Not reportedCustom-made applicationCustommade deviceFatigue Mental Fatigue ScaleCognitive attention and working memorySpatial Span Test from WAISFatigue measured by reaction timePsychomotor Vigilance TestCognitive throughputSerial Addition Subtraction TaskSchneider et al. (2020)22q11.2 deletion syndromeN = 55 (n= 31 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome)M = 34.11, SD = 9.81Time-based, semi,random10 times/day during 6 consecutive daysNot reported 19 PsyMate Existing applicationPsyMate devicePositive affect, negative affect, psychotic experiences, social stress, alone stress, activityrelated stress, event-related stressSelf-designed questionnaireWilson et al. (2020)Mild-to,moderate intellectual disabilityN = 19 M = 27.2, SD = 7.7 Time-based, random7 times/day during 7 consecutive daysNot reported 12 mEMA Existing applicationMobile device (phone or tablet)External and internal aspects of experiences, including quality of experience and emotionsSelf-designed questionnaireAnnelieke Muller sHL.indd 227 14-11-2023 09:07