Page 224 - Demo

Chapter 7222to twelve to ensure completion of the questionnaire within approximately five minutes. For positive affect, the following items were included: joyful, cheerful, happy, lively, proud, and calm, based on consultation with the expert-by-experience who was involved in the design of the study. For negative affect, we included: miserable, afraid, sad, mad, lonely, and nervous. Examples of questions were: “How cheerful are you feeling right now?” and “How sad are you feeling right now?”. The Likert response scale consisted of five response options, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). In the visual-analogue scale option, participants were asked to provide a grade from 0-10 on a line, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much). In the part of the questionnaire about social contact, participants were asked if they were alone at that moment (yes/no), and if so, how they felt being alone (Likert scale ranging from 1 (I don’t enjoy it) to 5 (I enjoy it very much); or visual-analogue scale, grade ranging from 0 (not at all enjoying it) to 10 (very much enjoying it)); or if they were just talking, phoning, or texting with someone (yes/no), and if so, with whom (open text field), and how they felt about this (Likert scale ranging from 1 (I don’t enjoy it) to 5 (I enjoy it very much); or visual-analogue scale, grade ranging from 0 (not at all enjoying it) to 10 (very much enjoying it)). Because the purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate the feasibility of using experience sampling apps in mental health research, data from the questionnaires were not used for answering the research questions and were therefore not analysed. For this reason, the validity and reliability of questionnaire items were not tested.Debriefing interviews. To examine participants’ experiences with using the applications, participants were phoned for a 15-minute semi-structured debriefing interview after testing each of the applications. The first set of interview questions focused on participants’ general experiences with the application, such as: experiences with installing; what they liked and did not like about the application; if they experienced any difficulties with using the application; what their opinions were of the number of prompts, the time between prompts, and the number of questions; if they independently answered the questions or if someone helped them; and if they would use the application for longer than three days. The second set of questions Annelieke Muller sHL.indd 222 14-11-2023 09:07