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204Chapter12theuse of VSPisnowpart of the standard clinical workflow Thisproves theusabilityof VSPduringtheplanningofcomplexsurgeryTheabove-mentionedpossibilitiesareaclearanswertothecentralresearchquestion ofPart 2What arethe(dis)advantages of 3D planning duringthe preparationofcraniosynostosissurgeryPLANNINGINAREAL3DSPACESince3Dvirtualplanningisusedinmanysurgicaldisciplinesitseemssomehowcontradictorythatformanycases2Dvisualizationsscreensareusedtocreatea3Dplanning strategy Therefore a future shift toward(real) 3D visualized virtualplanningcanbeexpectedReal3D visualizationcouldbecreatedbyastereoscopic viewsuchasthesemi-transparentvideosee-throughdisplaysintheMicrosoftHoloLens ThisfacilitatesarealisticperspectivewhentheuserexploresvirtualcontentsuchasananatomicalmodelStudiesfocusingoneducationandtrainingalsosupportthehypothesis thatstereoscopicaugmentedreality(AR)improvesanatomylearning1213InarandomizedcontrolledtrialtheLeidenUniversityMedicalCenterfoundthatmedicalstudentswhousedARimprovedtheiranatomicalknowledgeenjoyedthelearningfounditeasyandintuitivetouseandwouldrecommendittotheirfellowstudents14Furthermoretheyfoundthatstudentswithlowervisual‐spatialabilitiesachievedhighertestresultswhenlearninganatomyinstereoscopicAROnthecontrary,Böleketalfoundintheirmeta-analysisthatinsufficientevidenceisyetavailabletoconfirmtheaddedvalueofARforeducation Theystatethatmorehighqualitystudydesignsarerequiredtoinvestigatetheactualaddedvalueforeducation15(asistrueforalmostalltypesofARresearchatthismoment)NexttoviewinganatomystereoscopicARhasadvantageswhenusedduringthevirtualplanningofinterventionsVisualizationoptionsandanimationsinanARspacemakeitpossibletoexploreasurgicalplanninginadynamicandintuitivelymannerInthiswayARcouldalsobeanidealplatformforarealisticvisualizationofdifferentsurgicalstrategiesandtheirpredictedoutcomes16ARvisualizationcouldalsoimprovethe ‘communication’betweendifferentuserswhoareworkingtogethertocreateadjustordiscussa VSP.Onceeasyandsimpletoolsarecreateduserswillbeabletofine-tuneavirtualplanmakesmalladjustmentsandprovideadequatefeedbacktothetechnicalphysicianwhocreatedtheplanning Thiswillimproveuponthecurrentworkflowwherevarious2Dscreenshotsfromdifferentangles areused tomimic the3DplanningFurthermoreitislikely that when virtual
