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English Summary186Chapter 2 employs digital methods to reveal the actors involved in the online fracking controversy in South Africa, Mexico and the United Kingdom. The chapter applies textual content analysis to label actors’ stances and analyses the evolution of type and content of the visuals which are networked to the fracking topic at two points in time, 2018 and 2019.Chapter 3 recognizes online publics of the fracking controversy in the Netherlands, New York State and South Africa. The chapter analyses visuals and text on websites of these online publics to reveal the degree of coherence between the visual and the text and the ways visualisations can contribute to discourse formation.Chapter 4 uses Google queries to construct a dataset of the online processed food controversy. The chapter uncovers the positive, negative and balanced sentiment coalitions and applies textual and visual analyses of frames. It studies people’s understanding of the notion of ‘processed food’ and reveals how sentiments about processed food are communicated, online.Chapter 5 uses Twitter API and Google reverse image search to construct datasets and analyses visualisations of nanotechnology in food and food packaging and their accompanying text. The chapter detects changes, over time, in the text’s tone and the image–text storyline during visualisations’ circulation within a platform, across platforms and across topical contexts.The chapters together gave the following results. First of all, considering type: often, data-related visualisations were used. This type of visualisation (infographics, maps, charts and diagrams) mix facts with an interpretation of the controversial topic. Data-related visualisations were used more extensively by opponents than by proponents and mostly were accompanied with a negative textual message. Related to the content, the visualizations in the online fracking controversies frequently drew on visuals of natural and industrial landscapes, people (officials, protesters) and flames. In the online-processed food controversy, many photographs were about food abundance. In the nanotechnology-in-food online controversy, miniature pellets or particles, scientists and scientific activity were often seen. For both processed food and nanotechnology in food, visuals of food and people interacting with it were used.Efrat.indd 186 19-09-2023 09:47