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No medicament versus calcium hydroxide1056Table 3. The time elapsed between the latest intervention and the occurrence of the interappointment emergency. Interappointment emergencies Cumulative percentage Cumulative incidence1 day 14.9 1.6%2 days 23.0 2.5%4 days 31.1 3.3%1 week 43.2 4.6%2 weeks 62.2 6.7%1 month 78.4 8.4%2 months 100 10.7%The occurrence of interappointment emergencies was assessed up to two months following intervention. The cumulative incidence is the incidence of interappointment emergencies found up to the given moment. The cumulative percentage is the percentage of the total number of interappointment emergencies which occurred up to the given moment in the follow-up period of two months.Table 4. The association between omitting the use of calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament and interappointment emergencies determined with binary logistic regression analysis. Incidence of interappointment emergencies Odds ratio 95% Confidence intervalRegression coefficientNo intracanal medicament compared to calcium hydroxide 1.33 0.82 – 2.15 0.28Corrected for pre-operative: Pain 1.35 0.83 – 2.19 0.30Diagnosis 1.32 0.81 – 2.13 0.28Abscess 1.48 0.89 – 2.47 0.40Antibiotics 1.31 0.80 – 2.12 0.27DiscussionIn the dental record system of our institution, all patient communications are recorded. The incidence of interappointment emergencies could, therefore, be reliably assessed in the retrospective study design that was used for the present study [28]. Since the undergraduate dental students had to follow strict protocols that were the same for all included root canal treatments, and since the variables that affected the incidence of interappointment emergencies were distributed similarly over both cohorts (Tables 1 and 2), the two cohorts were highly comparable. The findings of the present study are in accordance with previous studies where root canal treatments had been performed by undergraduate students, general dental practitioners, postgraduate students, or endodontists: the incidence of Annemarie Baaij.indd 105 28-06-2023 12:26