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Chapter 696hypothesized that robot technology will allow us to record high-frequency and highresolution data of movements in tooth extraction [9]. Results will be presented in a descriptive manner and recommendations for future research will be discussed.Materials and MethodsOverview of the experimentTo capture movements during tooth removal in a reliable manner, an ex vivo measuring setup was considered most valuable, which is explained in detail in previous work [9]. Fresh frozen cadavers were obtained from the clinical anatomy and embryology section of the department of medical biology of the Amsterdam university medical center (Amsterdam UMC). The donation process was in accordance with Dutch legislation and the regulations of the medical ethical committee of the Amsterdam UMC. No separate approval was necessary by the medical ethical committee for anatomical studies according to local regulations. The authors state that every effort was made to follow all local and international ethical guidelines and laws that pertain to the use of human cadaveric donors in anatomical research [12]. Cadavers were selected by a single anatomy laboratorian based on the presence of multiple teeth and reduced to the necessary proportions by the first author to fit the measurement setup in the anatomical laboratory. This procedure has been described in detail in previous work [9]. A plastic model of the jaws in their reduced proportion is presented in Fig. 1 and 2. Still in frozen condition, the lower jaw was reduced with an oblique cut using a reciprocating saw from the retromolar area to the gonial angle. The upper jaw was reduced by a horizontal cut at the infra-orbital level and a vertical cut behind the temporal root. Soft tissues were removed after defrosting with a scalpel, but care was taken not to remove any attached gingiva. The teeth itself and their directly surrounding hard and soft tissues were left intact with a wide margin as to ensure similar conditions throughout the experiments. To ensure clinically representative and generalizable results, 3 experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons performed the procedures. They were instructed to perform tooth removal, as they would do in a regular clinical setting. Use of an elevator was not allowed, as the constantly changing position of the elevator relative to the tooth makes it unsuitable for our study goal. The ISO (International Standards Organization number 3950, Fédération Dentaire International) system was used as dental notation system.Tom van Riet.indd 96 26-10-2023 11:59