Page 120 - Migraine, the heart and the brain

Chapter 7
continuous variables with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the pegboard, block-design, prism adaptation test and bodysway task, one-way ANOVA was used. For comparison of latencies to peak-time in the valid trials between groups during eyeblink conditioning, we used the Kruskal-Wallis analysis, as data were not normally distributed (with post-hoc analysis between two groups). For conditioned response (CR) onset, CR peak-amplitudes, and percentage of CRs in the valid trials between groups, we used a one-way ANOVA. For the body-sway test roll angle and angular velocity as well as pitch angle and angular velocity were analysed using the 90% range automatically produced by Swaystar software. For Swaystar analysis linear regression was used to adjust for age and body mass index (BMI). For analysis of cerebellar tests vs ischaemic lesions, groups (with and without ischaemic lesions) were compared using Chi square or one-way ANOVA. Analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 with signi cance levels set at 0.05. In addition, we used conservative p value for multiple comparisons applying Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons set at p < 0.01.
results
Neurological examination and MRI
Migraine and control individuals did not differ on baseline characteristics and physical neurological examination. Participants with FHM1 were on average younger and more frequently left-handed, and more frequently showed limb hypermetria and other signs of ataxia (Table 1).
In total 20 participants had cerebellar ischaemic lesions: 11/110 (10%) of those with MA, 6/86 (7%) of those with MO, and 3/79 (4%) of the controls (Supplemental table). Examples of different sizes of cerebellar silent infarcts in migraineur subjects are shown in Figure 1. Recent MRI was available in only three participants with FHM1 and no cerebellar infarcts were present. Except in one control, these lesions were always located in the posterior lobe in the cerebellar hemispheres and paravermal region; no lesions were observed in the vermis or vestibulocerebellum (Supplemental table). Participants with cerebellar ischaemic lesions more frequently were left-handed compared to those without such lesions (5/20 (25%) vs 15/251 (6%); p=0.01; handedness unknown in four participants), but otherwise comparable for age, educational level and neurological examination.
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