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1Introduction27IntroductionDiscussion and conclusionsControversiesin thefooddomainControversiesin theenergydomainWhat meanings do visualizations convey in policy controversies over energy and food technologies?Sub-question 3:CirculationSub-question 1:Type and ContentChapter 2 Chapter 3Chapter 4 Chapter 5ProcessedfoodNanotech.in food andfoodpackagingFrackingFrackingChapter 6Chapter 1Sub-question 2:Narrative (storylines)Sub-question 2:Narrative (frames)Figure 1.2: An overview of the dissertationChapter 2 focusses on the first aspect of meaning-making – the type and content of visuals – and explores the use of visualisations on the open Web by actors in the controversy about hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction in South Africa, Mexico and the United Kingdom, at two points in time, 2018 and 2019. The study takes a controversy mapping approach and employs digital methods to reveal the actors involved in the controversy, their stances, the types of visuals they use, the visual content and the evolution over time. The findings illustrate the relationship between different types and content of visualisations and different aspects of the controversy: topic, views and stage of development.Efrat.indd 27 19-09-2023 09:47