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General introduction 311et al., 2011; Ranmuthugala, Plumb, et al., 2011). In order to facilitate the participating care organisations with implementation of methods that reduce involuntary care and to be able to study implementation processes, Communities of Practice were set up in line with the recommendations of Barbour and colleagues (2018): a facilitator who organised the meetings, structured ongoing member interactions, and created a safe learning environment for frequent, meaningful and focused interactions. However, the effect of collaborating in CoPs in still unclear with respect to implementation processes (Barbour et al., 2018).%u00a0Setting up the CoPs for implementation of methods to reduce involuntary care, also provides an opportunity to study this form of collaboration in implementation.Aim, research significance, objectives and dissertation outlineThe overall aim of this dissertation was to contribute to a better understanding of implementation processes in care organisations for people with intellectual disabilities, specifically regarding implementing methods that aim to reduce involuntary care practices, and to test effectiveness of these methods in relation to these implementation processes. Gaining insight into the %u2018black box%u2019 of implementation in intellectual disability care organisations may be beneficial for both academic research as well as for development of this field of practice. Researchers may take into account the insights concerning barriers in implementation processes when designing their methods and products, while care organisations may use the insights to plan implementation processes with an eye towards preventing failure in the upscaling of evidence-based methods and products. Moreover, Communities of Practice in which researchers and care professionals collaborate might increase the likelihood that these methods and products will actually make it to the everyday practice of care professionals.Five main objectives were defined for this dissertation. The first objective was to explore the black box of implementation processes in intellectual disability care by getting insight into main implementation themes and concerns from the perspectives of care professionals and experts-by-experience in intellectual disability care organisations, so that in future implementation processes these themes and concerns could be addressed. The second objective was to explore this black box through the theoretical lens of