Page 206 - Demo

Chapter 8204Normalisation Process TheoryNormalisation Process Theory (NPT) is a sociological framework developed to address challenges in implementing innovations in healthcare settings. It aims to understand and evaluate how innovations become embedded in everyday practice. The social mechanisms of NPT are Coherence Building(Sense-making) which is about understanding the innovation, its differences from existing practices, and its appropriateness. Cognitive Participation is about commitment and engagement of care professionals in implementing the innovation. Collective Action concerns practical application and integration of the innovation within organisational work processes. Reflexive Monitoring is about evaluating and appraising the innovation, with feedback for improvement. NPT identifies two important determinants in implementation. First, the context in which an innovation is implemented. In intellectual disability care, context refers not only to a specific place, but also to the processes involving professional interactions and collaborations. Implementation is influenced by care professionals%u2019 actions aimed at modifying behaviour and relationships (relational restructuring) and adapting conventions, rules, work structures, and resources (normative restructuring). The ability of professionals to adapt these elements is referred to as elasticity. Second, the fit of an innovation within the organisational context. Innovations usually consist of multiple components that need to be correctly executed to achieve desired outcomes, like improving quality of care. The extent to which these components can be modified to fit specific contexts without losing effectiveness is known as the plasticity of innovations. Communities of PracticeBecause there is no fixed roadmap for implementation, Communities of Practice (CoPs) could be helpful in designing implementation processes. CoPs are groups of people who share a concern or passion and deepen their knowledge through ongoing interactions. In healthcare, CoPs have been used to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based practices. However, the value and effectiveness of CoPs for implementation in intellectual disability care are still uncertain, making it an area worth for further study.