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Summary2018Chapter 1 - General IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) promotes the rights and autonomy of people with disabilities, including those with intellectual disabilities who need extensive care. The CRPD laid the foundation for the development of the Care and Coercion Act (CCA), which was introduced January 1, 2020 in the Netherlands. This law enhances the rights of people with intellectual disabilities to selfdetermine their care. Care organisations are required to comply with the CCA. Consequently, care professionals need to engage their clients (or representatives) in planning, organising and shaping support, care and treatment. Care that clients willingly consent to is referred to as voluntary care. However, in situations with a serious risk of harm to the client or their immediate environment care professionals may need to provide care, support, and treatment to clients against their will. In such situations, care organisations may apply involuntary care temporarily and under strict conditions as a last resort to ensure the client%u2019s safety. People with intellectual disabilities often react negatively to involuntary care, experiencing resistance, distress, and frustration. Although care organisations acknowledge the impact of the use of involuntary care on their clients, reducing it appears to be a challenge due to insufficient awareness among care professionals of the full extent of involuntary care and lack of knowledge on interventions to phase out involuntary care. To support care organisations in this endeavour, three methods were developed: The Needs Assessment Framework (NAF), The Multi-Disciplinary Expertise Team (MDET)-method, and the method With Other Eyes.Implementing these methods requires collaboration and behavioural changes among care professionals. This dissertation explores the %u201cblack box%u201d of implementation in intellectual disability care organisations concerning methods that reduce involuntary care through the lens of Normalisation Process Theory. Furthermore, the role of collaborative efforts like Communities of Practice in these implementation processes is examined.