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General introduction 171intellectual disability care will be introduced, followed by a brief description of the main theoretical framework for this thesis (i.e., Normalisation Process Theory %u2013 NPT; May et al., 2009). Hereafter, the concept of a Community of Practice is explained. This chapter ends with the significance of this research for the field of intellectual disability care, the aims and objectives for this dissertation, and an outline of the different studies presented in this dissertation.Intellectual Disabilities, Challenging Behaviour and Involuntary CareIn the Netherlands approximately 170 care organisations with 171,000 care professionals provide care to an estimated 200,000 people with physical, intellectual, and/or sensory disabilities (VGN, 2024). Approximately 142,000 clients have mild to profound intellectual disabilities (VGN, 2024) and 75,000 of these clients receive long-term residential care, support and treatment (CBS, 2023). People with intellectual disabilities have significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills that occur before the age of 18 years (Schalock et al., 2021). Matched to their abilities and limitations, people with intellectual disabilities require care, support, and treatment from care professionals with various medical, social, and psychological backgrounds (Patel et al., 2018). People with intellectual disabilities, specifically those with severe and profound disabilities, demonstrate a limited ability to verbally communicate their needs, feelings, and wishes effectively (Dalton & Sweeney, 2013; Smith et al., 2020). Most of their communications are non-verbal, often idiosyncratic and ambiguous (Griffiths & Smith, 2016). People with moderate or mild intellectual disabilities have the ability to verbally communicate what they like and dislike in everyday situations, however, they are still limited in expressing their wishes and needs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is up to care professionals and family members to notice and interpret verbal and non-verbal communication and tailor care and support to clients%u2019 needs and wishes (Hastings et al., 2013). Matching these interactions between clients, their relatives, and care professionals can be difficult, often leading to miscommunication, distress,