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A review on range of tibial rotation352Table 1. Range of Tibial Rotation During Testing at Fixed Flexion Angle. Values for rotation are reported in degrees as mean or as mean ± SD. Measuring method ACL status Group specificsInternal rotationExternal rotationRange of rotationRelative improvement in rotation after ACL Reconstruction0° of flexionLee20 CAS ACL def na 11.9 (4.3) 9.1 (3.5) 20.5 (6.1) 28%SB recon na 8.3 (3.3) 6.5 (2.6) 14.8 (5.0)ACL def na 11.8 (4.3) 9.9 (3.3) 21.8 (6.5) 23Û recon na 8.4 (2.6) 8.4 (2.8) 16.7 (3.9)Hemmerich16 MRI ACL int M 9.6 (4.3) 6.2 (3.0) 15.8 5¬L def M 9.1 (2.5) 8.0 (4.7) 17.1SB recon M 9.4 (1.3) 6.8 (2.7) 16.2ACL int F 9.5 (2.7) 7.0 (2.6) 16.5 25¬L def F 10.2 (4.1) 10.6 (1.6) 20.8SB recon F 9.4 (4.9) 6.3 (2.9) 15.715° of flexionHaughom15 MRI ACL int na dnr dnr 8.3 (3.6) naACL control na dnr dnr 7.7 (5.6)ACL def na dnr dnr 15.7 (6.9)ACL int na dnr dnr 13.6 (4.7)ACL control na dnr dnr 10.0 (4.3)ACL def na dnr dnr 15.1 (4.3)20° of flexionNordt26 CT ACL int na 10.8 7.4 18.2 naSB recon na 8.7 9.1 17.830° of flexionChristino9 CAS ACL def M + F 21.86 (4.37) 17.08 (3.80) 38.9 25%SB recon M + F 14.99 (4.39) 14.29 (3.52) 29.28ACL def M 20.45 (4.15) 17.0 (4.09) 37.45 (5.2) 25%SB recon M 13.86(4.2) 14.39 (3.21) 28.25 (4.6)ACL def F 24.05 (3.79) 17.21 (3.34) 41.27 (4.77) 25%SB recon F 16.75 (4.11) 14.13 (3.97) 30.89 (5.49)Mark Zee.indd 35 03-01-2024 08:56