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Chapter 222Table 4. A modified version of the classification of types of medical research described in Röhrig et al. 2009 [14].Main classification of study design ExamplesBasic research – Theoretical Method development (no experiments)Basic research – Applied Experiments on models, animals, cadavers, or humans Material developmentClinical research – Observational Therapy study, case series, case reports, prognostic studiesClinical research – Experimental Clinical intervention studiesEpidemiological research – Observational Case control studiesObservational studiesComparative studies Epidemiological research – Experimental Field/group studiesThe technology readiness level (TRL) of each proposed initiative was estimated on the information provided in the original research paper. The TRL scale, originating from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), consist of 9 stages and 4 groups of development levels in which technology can be categorized (see Table 5) [15]. For data registration and analysis, Microsoft’s Office Excel (version 2019, Microsoft Corporation, USA) was used. Table 5. Technological Readiness Level (TRL) description.GroupTechnology ReadinessLevels DescriptionDiscovery TRL 1 Basic principles of the technology are observed.TRL 2 Technological concept is formulated.TRL 3 After laboratory tests a proof of concept is made.Development TRL 4 Proof of concept is validated in laboratory with prototypes.TRL 5 Technology is tested and validated in the relevant environment.TRL 6 Technology is demonstrated in relevant environment; the prototype is not yet optimized for operational environment.Demonstration TRL 7 Technology is integrated in operational environment.TRL 8 The system is completed and qualified; the technology performs properly.Deployment TRL 9 Actual system is proven in operational environment; technology is commercially ready.Tom van Riet.indd 22 26-10-2023 11:59