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Summary1978GPs lack personal experience, it is useful for them to know who possesses this experience-based knowledge, such as a GP with a special interest in this patient group or an ID physician.y Domain-transcending collaborative care. In patients with both MID and MH problems, collaboration is of extra importance, as they often present with multi-problems and multiple care professionals from the social domain, MH care, and ID care may be involved. Challenges for effective collaborative care include finding the right collaborative partners, long waiting times after referral to MH or ID care, a low IQ as an exclusion criterion for general MH services, and overseeing and coordinating all care. However, there are already best practices at regional level, in adjacent sectors, and internationally regarding collaborative care from which we can learn. In conclusion, patients with both MID and MH problems form a vulnerable group that often relies on GPs. The elaboration and implementation of the five identified opportunities to improve primary (MH) care and support for this patient group require coordinated and collaborative efforts from GPs, other care professionals, policymakers, and researchers.Katrien Pouls sHL.indd 197 24-06-2024 16:26