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Chapter 362alloplastic TMJ prosthesis was abandoned for many years, and autologous alternatives, such as sternoclavicular, costochondral and fibular grafting, became more prevalent.(5,14) However, the rapid evolution of biomaterial science during the last couple decades, providing a rational basis for the selection of materials, as well as the development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) planning, allowing the production of patient-fitted components, has led to substantial progress in the construction of alloplastic TMJ prostheses. Consequently, alloplastic prostheses have steadily gained more acceptance by craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgeons. Appropriate material selection for the different components is key to successful implementation. However, while other fields of expertise, such as orthopedic surgery, have an extensive history of debating the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, literature and research concerning the selection of materials for TMJ prostheses is relatively scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss several previously used biomaterials and the current state-of-the-art with respect to the different biomaterials used in alloplastic TMJ prostheses, as well as to consider the potential of future materials that address some of the current shortcomings.Materials and MethodsInformation about TMJ prostheses was gathered by a computerized literature search using multiple databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following databases were used to conduct the search: Pubmed Central, Elsevier ScienceDirect Complete, Wiley Online Library Journals, Ovid Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Cochrane Library Plus. The following heading was used to perform the search; (“Temporomandibular joint” OR “TMJ”) AND (“Material” OR “Biomaterial” OR “Biocompatible”) AND (“Prosthesis” OR “Prostheses” OR “Replacement” OR “Implant”). While the search terms remained unchanged, the combination in which they were used was database dependable. To assess the methodological Nikolas de Meurechy NW.indd 62 05-06-2024 10:14