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Chapter 12308Table 3. continuedStudy (year) Physiotherapy protocol Start of physiotherapy Stop of physiotherapy EvaluationLeandro et al. (2013) (15) 2 phases 48 hours after surgery Minimum duration of 12 weeksPain and mandibular function through VAS score + measurement of MMO; weekly for first 2 months; monthly for months 3-12; yearly after 12 monthsPhase 1 (days 3-14 after surgery): opening and closing exercises; MMO stimulation keeping mouth open at wider range; 3-5 times/dayPhase 2 (day 15-2 months after surgery): opening and closing exercises; forced, fully active exercise (MMO stimulation with spatula); 3-5 times/dayOh et al. (2002) (7) Control group: no protocol N/A N/A Pain through VAS and craniomandibular index (dysfunction index, palpation index) before surgery, 6 weeks after surgery, and 7 months after surgeryTreatment group: 3 phases Within 1 week after surgery N/A As abovePhase 1 (until week 3 after surgery): ice pack 1×20 min, 5 times/day; postural correction; resting tongue position instructions; active controlled condylar rotation; active therapeutic exercises with tonguePhase 2 (weeks 3-6 after surgery): hot pack; ultrasound; postural correction 1×20 min, 3 times/day; active vertical and lateral mandibular movement 1×20 min, 3 times/day; stretching exercises 1×20 min, 3 times/day; isometric exercises 1×20 min, 3 times/dayPhase 3 (from 7 weeks after surgery): all of the above; release technique for masticatory and neck muscles; intrinsic condylar mobilizationRobiony (2011) (16) 4 months after surgery: bilateral BTX-A injections in masseteric muscles; physiotherapy 1×3-5 min, 4 times/day, including lateral excursion, active hinge opening, manual finger stretching, and TheraBite System 1×2 min, 10 times/dayBTX-A infiltration 4 months after surgery; physiotherapy 7 days after injection Minimum duration of 1 year after surgeryMMO and pain and jaw function using VAS scores before surgery and1, 2, and 4 months after surgeryAbbreviations: BTX-A, botulin toxin A; MIO, maximal interincisal opening; MMO, maximal mouth opening; QoL, quality of life; ROM, range of motion; VAS, Visual Analog Scale.Nikolas de Meurechy NW.indd 308 05-06-2024 10:15