Page 215 - Demo

Generaldiscussionandfutureperspectives21312Although conventional surgicalnavigation systems canbeused toreplace surgicalguidesthehighcosts(around50000euros)ofthesesystemsmakesARglassesalow-costalternativeInadditionthisARsolutionallowstheusertostayfocusedonthesurgicalfieldwhileattainingfeedbackfromtheplanning;thesurgeonisnotforcedtoswitchhisorherviewtoanexternalmonitorwhereconventionalnavigationdataarenormallydisplayedThereforeARguidanceisanadequatemethodtotransferavirtualplanningforvariouscranio-maxillofacialandotherprocedures2728Figure8ARvisualizationofafibulasegment-osteotomy Theuserisguidedbytheholographicarrowstomanipulatethesawinthecorrectpositionandorientation(left) WhensawisheldcorrectlytheosteotomyplanebecomesgreenInfutureupdatestheactualtrajectoryofthesawcouldbeusedtoadjustthesubsequentosteotomiesReason4-EnablecomplexplanningAfourthreasonwhyARwillrevolutionizethecurrentsurgicalroutineisthatitwillsimplify theexecutionofcomplexsurgicalplanningProvidingadequate feedbackaboutaplanisveryimportantinalmosteverysurgicalprocedureForexampleduringcranialreconstructionsorwhenplacinganorbitalimplantthepresenceinthe operation theater of the technical physician who made the planning is advisablebecauseheorshecanhelpclarify theplanduringsurgery Although thisillustratestheimportanceoftechnicalphysiciansthiscouldmeanthatmakingacomplexsurgicalplanmaynotbedesirableifthereisnointra-operativefeedbackavailableInsuchasituationARguidancecouldhelpsinceARcanintuitivelyvisualizehowanobjectimplantorinstrumentshouldbemanipulatedorpositionedstep-bystep(Figure3)WhentheexecutionofaVSPbecomeseasier,moreadvancedvirtualsurgeryplanscanandwillbecreatedCurrentlymanydifferentimage-guidedsurgerysystemsarebeingdevelopedtoguidesurgeonsduringcomplextasksForexampledentalimplantscan