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Guidesvsaugmentedreality127Figure3HoloLensapplicationtodemarcatethevirtualplanningpointsonthe3D-printedcranialshapes7Theplanningpoints(white)werevirtuallyvisualisedonthe3D-prints Thepointerandthepencil(equippedwithaQRmarker)weretrackedThegreenarrowinthemiddleofthepointerindicatedhowthepointershouldbemanipulatedtotargetthe(virtual)plannedpoint Thedistancetothetargetwasdisplayedinthetop-leftcornerRESULTSForeachcranialshapemomentmodalityandobserver,10Euclideandistancesweregatheredresultinginatotalof800measurementsFivemeasurementswereexcludedduetomeasuringerrorsResultsarepresentedinTable1TheaverageEuclideandistanceusingthesurgicalguide(N=398)was09±06mmThedistancesmeasuredusingtheHoloLensmethod(N=397)weresignificantlyhigherat21±15mmTheaveragetimeneededtotransfertheVSPusingthesurgicalguideswas50±14secondswhichwassignificantlylowerthanthetimeneededforusingtheHoloLens;8min24seconds±2min54secondsThistimeincludedthecalibrationregistrationanddemarcationtimeForboththesurgicalguidesandHoloLensnosignificantintra-observervariabilitywasfoundAsignificantdifferencebetweentheobserverswasfoundforboth