Page 39 - Migraine, the heart and the brain

Table 1. continued
Characteristic
Alcohol use
None during last 12 months
≥3 U/d
Current use of migraine medication (E)
Triptans Ergotamines Prophylactic drugs
Oral contraceptive use, women only
Current ≥ 15 years
Migraine
Structural Brain Changes in Migraine
Total (n = 286)
Controls (n = 83)
10 (12) 11 (13)
6(12) 24 (48)
Migraine (n = 203)
32 (16) 18(9)
25 (12.3) 5 (2.5) 7 (3.4)
10(8) 47 (38)
No Aura (n = 89)
18 (20) 6(7)
8(9) 1 (1.1) 1 (1.1)
3(6) 21 (42)
Aura
(n = 114) 2
14 (12) 12(11)
17 (14.9) 4 (3.5) 6 (5.3)
7(9) 26 (35)
42 (15) 29 (10)
16(6) 71 (25)
Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. A: Low education indicates primary school or lower vocational education. B: Hypertension self-reported physician diagnosed. C: Use of antihypertensive medication by participants with hypertension, not used as migraine prophylaxis. Mean blood pressure indicates mean of two blood pressure measurements after transcranial Doppler examination with Valsalva maneuver. D: Ischemic or hemorrhage, self-reported. E: current use of migraine medication de ned as use in the year. F: compared with controls: P=.03. Unless indicated otherwise, differences were not signi cant (P >0.05). G: Compared with controls P=.05
Deep White Matter Hyperintensities
There were no differences in baseline and follow-up white matter hyperintensities between men in the migraine group and those in the control group (Table 2). However, among women, both at baseline and follow-up, deep white matter hyperintensity volume was higher in the migraine group than in the control group (baseline: 0.02 mL vs 0.00 mL; P = .009; follow-up: 0.09 mL vs 0.04 mL; P = .04). Women in the migraine group also had a higher median increase in volume of deep white matter hyperintensities (mL), as well as a higher incidence of progression (de ned as > 0.01 mL) than women in the control group (yes/no, ≥ 0.01 mL) (77% vs 60%; P = .02). The incidence of deep white matter hyperintensity progression was highest among women with migraine without aura (83%; Table 2). In multivariate logistic regression analyses involving only women, migraine was independently associated with deep white matter hyperintensity progression (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.1; P = .04; Table 3). Similarly, women in the migraine group had a higher incidence of high progression than women in the control group (23% vs 9%; P = .03; Table 2). Hypertension was not associated with a higher incidence of white
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