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Chapter 364(c)Figure 3.2. (a) NRDC photograph of David Headley igniting a flow of water, shot by director Joshua B. Pribanic of Public Herald Studios for the documentary Triple Divide, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 , source: https://tripledividefilm.org. (b) Sierra Club photograph of a gas flare, shot by Karen Kasmauski, source:https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/green-life/life-not-pretty-picture-fracking-epicenter-photography-people. (c) Discourse coalition and visualizations depicting flames in the NY controversy.By narrating a storyline of environmental risk in both photographs, these actors contribute to the confirmation of the environmental threat discourse coalition (see Figure 3.2(c)). The risk storyline, which is also part of the textual narrative accompanying the visualizations, is narrated through the photographs in two distinct ways. NRDC narrates a risk storyline by strengthening a connection that has already been made between a threat to drinking water and fracking. Sierra Club narrates a risk storyline by visually focusing on the proximity of an existing well fire to a cornfield. By using photographs that depict flames, members of the coalition repeat the narrative of environmental risk and thus confirm their discourse coalition’s discursive storyline.3.4.2 Disintegration of one discourse coalition: the example of maps in the SA controversyIn the SA controversy, an agnotological coalition can be identified. The name refers to what Proctor (2008) calls agnotology – the production of ignorance, for instance by the publication of inaccurate or misleading data. Actors belonging to this coalition use a discursive storyline that focuses on the unknowns with regard to the technology and claim that more research is needed in the SA context in order to drill for shale gas safely. They do so by utilizing frames that reflect contradicting normative standpoints: the pro-frames – economic opportunity and geopolitics – according to which shale gas provides energy security and/or independence from other countries (see, for example, Andreasson, 2018; Ingle & Atkinson, 2015), and Efrat.indd 64 19-09-2023 09:47