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Discussion and Conclusions1376to those narrated on Twitter, in addition to a new image–text storyline narrated in some URLs, according to which the complete effects of nanotechnology on health and the environment are still unknown.6.1.3 Circulation (sub-question 3)My study shows that the meanings of online visualisations of policy controversies over energy and food technologies may change during three processes of circulation: within a platform, across platforms and across topical contexts. In this section, I discuss the findings for change in meaning of circulating visualisations. I first give an overview of the findings; then, I elaborate on the change in meaning in the three processes of circulation. Hence, I answer the question:(How) does the meaning of visualisations related to a policy controversy change when they circulate?We found that, over time, visualisations about shale gas and nanotechnology in food circulate on the open Web and Twitter. The text accompanying the visualisations is different and can also be about different topics. For example, in Chapter 5 we show that visualisations used on websites talking about nanotechnology in food were also found to be used within a topical context of GMOs and mRNAvaccines. Hence, the composite image–text meaning can vary. However, within the context of a single topic, our data shows that meanings of visualisations are multiple but mostly similar. Usually, their meaning remains either risks- or benefitsrelated. Depending on the platform on which they are used, they communicate a message with different degrees of complexity. More complex meaning is given, not surprisingly, on websites compared to Twitter. An additional finding is that the meanings that visualisations convey also change in co-occurrence with the evolvement of the policy controversy. Both the type and meaning of the visuals used seem to be related to the stance actors have in a controversy.First type of change in meaning: Within-platform circulation of specific visualisationsIn the online controversy over nanotechnology in food (Chapter 5), one group of visualisations we have studied circulated on Twitter (i.e., were used in different Tweets over time) and another group circulated on the open Web (i.e., were used on different URLs over time). Using the concept of an image–text storyline, I found, Efrat.indd 137 19-09-2023 09:47