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Facial Mimicry and Metacognition in Facial Emotion Recognition954are also linked to differences in emotion recognition performance has, however, not directly been investigated yet. Altered Metacognition in Emotion Recognition in SAD and ASDReduced metacognitive abilities have been proposed as a shared characteristic in different psychiatric disorders (Nordahl et al., 2019; Rouault et al., 2018). Theoretical accounts on the development and maintenance of SAD have highlighted the importance of a negatively biased view on one%u2019s own performance in a social context (Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997), together with an excessive monitoring of the self (Hartman, 1983). This global negative judgment of one%u2019s own abilities might have evolved via repeated underestimation of (social) abilities (M%u00fcller-Pinzler et al., 2019). However, metacognitive abilities in emotion recognition have yet not been directly tested in individuals with SAD. In contrast, the few studies on metacognitive judgments of social cognition in individuals on the autism spectrum have suggested a complex pattern of alteration. Some studies reported no differences between neurotypical individuals and individuals on the autism spectrum in calibrating confidence judgments to emotion recognition performance, that is, higher confidence rating for more accurate or faster recognition (Sawyer et al., 2014; S. Wang & Adolphs, 2017). A more recent study, however, found evidence for both an over- and underconfidence in contrast to actual performance in social cognitive tasks, including emotion recognition, in individuals on the autism spectrum compared to neurotypical individuals (DeBrabander et al., 2020). Both expressing low confidence in accurate trials as well as high confidence in incorrect trials should be reflected in a reduced metacognitive sensitivity, which Fleming and Lau (Fleming & Lau, 2014) defined as %u201cthe extent to which confidence discriminates between correct and incorrect trials%u201d (p. 2). Given the limited knowledge about metacognition in the domain of emotion recognition and its relation to SAD and ASD, the current study aimed to explore two assumptions: (1) whether the negatively biased assessment of one%u2019s performance in social situations in people with high social anxiety trait levels also translates to emotion recognition, and (2) whether the decreased metacognitive sensitivity related to higher autistic traits in the social-cognitive domain also specifically holds for emotion recognition performance.