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Chapter 490AbstractFacial mimicry as well as the accurate assessment of one%u2019s performance when judging others%u2019 emotional expressions have been suggested to inform successful emotion recognition. Differences in the integration of these two information sources might explain alterations in the perception of others%u2019 emotions in individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder and individuals on the autism spectrum. Using a nonclinical sample (N=57), we examined the role of social anxiety and autistic traits in the link between facial mimicry, or confidence in one%u2019s performance, and emotion recognition. While participants were presented with videos of spontaneous emotional facial expressions, we measured their facial muscle activity, asked them to label the expressions and indicate their confidence in accurately labelling the expressions. Our results showed that confidence in emotion recognition was lower with higher social anxiety traits even though actual recognition was not related to social anxiety traits. Higher autistic traits, in contrast, were associated with worse recognition, and a weakened link between facial mimicry and performance. Consequently, high social anxiety traits might not affect emotion recognition itself, but the top-down evaluation of own abilities in emotion recognition contexts. High autistic traits, in contrast, may be related to lower integration of sensorimotor simulations, which promote emotion recognition.Based on: Folz, J., Akda%u011f, R., Nikoli%u0107, M., van Steenbergen, H., & Kret, M. E. (2023). Facial mimicry and metacognitive judgments in emotion recognition are distinctly modulated by social anxiety and autistic traits. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 9730. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35773-6Data availability statement:The datasets and materials generated and/or analysed during the current study are available on Dataverse NL:https://doi.org/10.34894/8UBNPLSupplementary material: