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Chapter 6172Alterations in Emotional Arousal in Autism and Social AnxietyDifferences in terms of both hyper- and hypoarousal have been proposed in autism in an emotion processing context, with an individual%u2019s arousal profile (i.e., hypo- or hyperarousal) supposedly depending on their attentional deployment tendencies (Cuve et al., 2018). Studies have, however, only reported reduced arousal in individuals on the autism spectrum compared to neurotypical individuals when the expressor%u2019s emotional state explicitly had to be judged (Hubert et al., 2009). No differences in objective arousal measures have been found when emotional facial expressions (Mathersul et al., 2013) or videos of social emotional scenes (Dijkhuis et al., 2019) were solely viewed, although individuals on the autism spectrum reported to be less emotionally affected by the videos compared to neurotypical individuals. Thus, it is yet to be determined how own physiological arousal influences the processing of other%u2019s emotion in autism. Paralleling the limited research on facial mimicry, only few studies have measured autonomic nervous system responses during facial emotion perception in social anxiety and results are not conclusive. Although one might expect higher arousal responses to negative and, perhaps, neutral facial expressions based on the general negativity bias, most studies have found no differences between high and low socially anxious individuals in skin conductance responses during facial emotion perception (Dimberg & Thunberg, 2007; Merckelbach et al., 1989). Yet, there is some evidence for relatively lower responses in skin conductance to positive and higher responses to negative expressions in high versus low socially anxious individuals (Tsunoda et al., 2008; Vrana & Gross, 2004). It, however, remains unknown whether potentially altered autonomic responses have an impact on the judgments of others%u2019 emotions in social anxiety. Integration of Physiological Resonance in Facial Emotion Perception in Autism and Social AnxietyIn both social anxiety and autism, a mismatch between objectively measured and subjectively reported physiological responses have been observed (Dijkhuis et al., 2019; Nikoli%u0107 et al., 2015). As interpretations of others%u2019 facial expressions can be informed by those responses, not only their actual magnitude but also (a) their accurate sensation; and (b) the attention to those signals are important to consider in explaining facial emotion perception alterations in autism and social anxiety. Research on interoception, which describes the sensation, integration,