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Chapter 696AbstractObjective: This retrospective cohort study analysed the incidence of interappointment emergencies during multiple-visit root canal treatments in molars performed by undergraduate students. Treatments that were performed without the use of an intracanal medicament were compared to treatments performed with the use of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament. Methods: The occurrences of interappointment emergencies, defined as pain or swelling that necessitated the patient paying an unscheduled follow-up visit, were recorded up to two months following intervention. Only unscheduled visits occurring between the start and end of the root canal treatment were included to avoid the influence of obturation on the incidence of emergency visits observed. Results: Seventy-seven of the 719 patients included in this study (10.7%) registered interappointment emergencies. Sixty-two percent of the interappointment emergencies occurred within two weeks following the latest intervention. The incidence of interappointment emergencies in the cohort of patients who received no intracanal medicament was 11.9% (46/385) compared to 9.3% (31/334) in those who received calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament (odds ratio=1.33, 95% confidence interval 0.82 – 2.15; p=0.249). Conclusions: Although interappointment emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a root canal treatment, most seem to occur within the first two weeks following intervention. The incidence of interappointment emergencies was not significantly increased by omitting the use of an intracanal medicament in molar root canal treatments performed in multiple visits by undergraduate students.Keywords: clinical outcomes, dental education, endodontics, pain, patient outcomes, prevention.Annemarie Baaij.indd 96 28-06-2023 12:26