Page 65 - Age of onset of disruptive behavior of residentially treated adolescents -Sjoukje de Boer

report changes between admission and discharge. The GSI has good reliability (Arrindell & Ettema, 2003) and has become one of the most widely used measurements of psychological distress (Holi, 2003; Prinz et al., 2013).
The TOR-J (Boon et al., 2010) is a self-report questionnaire for parents to assess satisfaction with their child’s treatment in (semi) residential mental health care facilities. The TOR-J consists of 17 items that are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 4 1 (does not apply to me) to 5 (does apply to me). The instrument yields scores on three
main scales (transference of parental care, treatment result, and parent guidance), and
a total scale. The total scale has moderate validity (convergent r = .29, divergent r = .05
and .03) and good reliability (internal consistency α = .95, test-retest reliability r = .78;
Boon et al., 2010). In the present study, only the main scale “treatment result” was
used. This scale represents the extent to which the youngster has improved during treatment from the perspective of the parents.
Procedure
During a 14-year period (1995-2009), all newly admitted patients were approached to participate in the study. According to legislation and the institution’s policy, ethical approval has been obtained prior to the research. After a verbal description of the study to the subjects, written informed consent was obtained. All patients (n=234) agreed to participate and in concordance with the institutional policy, they participated without receiving incentives or rewards.
The SCL-90-R (Arrindell & Ettema, 2003) was administered at intake (T0), admission (T1) and discharge (T2). It is known that repeated measurements with the SCL-90-R cause a not yet adequately explained test-retest effect between the first time it is applied and a second measurement at any given time (Arrindell, 2001; Koeter, Ormel, & Van den Brink, 1988), wherein the second measurement (usually a lower score) should be regarded as the most representative. Therefore, in order to overcome the (possible) test-retest effect, T0 was applied only to obviate this effect and T1 was used as the baseline score. Outcome was presented in two different ways: (a) change in mean scores between admission and discharge, and (b) number of inpatients that recovered, improved, remained stable, or deteriorated between admission and discharge according to the reliable change index.
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