Page 66 - THE DUTCH TALKING TOUCH SCREEN QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter 3
4.1.1 MMI theory, guidelines, methods and standards:
To develop the DTTSQ, existing guidelines that are relevant for designing for low literate persons have been applied. These range from ‘Design for All’ guidelines for ICT products and services [27] to guidelines for simple communication [28,29]. Specific guidelines for the target group of the present study include simple text, speech, icons that are easily recognizable, and combinations of text, speech and icons [31-33]. Simple text refers in particular to the wordings of the original paper-based questionnaire.
4.1.2 Technological design space:
The most frequently applied paper-based questionnaire in Dutch physical therapy [33], the Patient-Specific Complaints questionnaire (PSC) [34], was taken as a starting point for the design of the DTTSQ. The current PSC consists of four sections. In the first section the patient is asked to select from a long list of activities all activities that have become problematic because of complaints, and/or add other activities. In the second section the patient is asked to select five activities out of the initial selection that should be improved with physical therapy. In section three, the patient should select and prioritize the three most urgent activities. In section four, the patient has to rate the current effort needed to carry out these three activities on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0–10; 0 stands for no effort at all and 10 for all effort imaginable).
The design team has chosen a touch pad as the best suitable device for a Talking Touch Screen. The lack of privacy and security that using speech output may bring along is handled by providing users with headphones.
4.1.3 User involvement:
User involvement in developing the DTTSQ was organized through two focus group sessions, two user walkthroughs and a usability test with the target group of low literate persons. In a focus group session, a small, carefully selected group of people is brought together for an interactive and spontaneous discussion on user needs and opinions around a certain subject or concept. Focus groups are on the one hand informal, though on the other hand controlled through questions posed by a facilitator. Outcomes are a rich picture of the users, and initial user requirements for the system. During a user walkthrough
60