Page 115 - ART FORM AND MENTAL HEALTH - Ingrid Pénzes

Analysis
In the first round, the formal elements were operationalized categorically and analyzed for percentage of agreement. Finally, the formal elements were operationalized on a five-point Likert scale and tested for inter-rater reliability using Cohen’s kappa analysis. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.
Results
Operationalization
Initially, the formal elements were operationalized by categories. Some of the formal elements consisted of two categories, while others consisted of three (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. Examples of categorical operationalization of the formal elements “contour” and “brightness of color”.
The overall inter-rater agreement was >88%, but despite this high agreement, the raters found it difficult to rank the formal elements with different numbers of categories. They also found it difficult to rate the art products based on the written definitions of the formal elements and suggested adding visual illustrations.
The operationalization was adjusted and all the formal elements were operationalized into five-point Likert scales (see Figure 4), with 1 representing no or minimal presence of the element and 5 representing a very high presence of the element. For each formal element, example images of art products were provided for both ends of the scale.
Contour
a. Sharp edged b. Diffuse
Brightness of color
a. Pastels
b. Pure/bright colors c. Dark colors
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