Page 36 - Advanced echocardiography in characterization and management of patients with secondary mitral regurgitation

Chapter two. Sex differences in prognosis of significant secondary mitral regurgitation
Table 1. Clinical characteristics.
Age (years)
BSA (m2)
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) Hypertension, n (%) Diabetes mellitus, n (%) eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)
Heart failure etiology, n (%) Ischemic
Non-ischemic
NYHA class, n (%) I
II III IV
Medication, n (%) Beta-blockers
Diuretics ACEi/ARB MRA
Total population (n= 698)
66±11 1.92±0.21
289 (41) 275 (39) 167 (24) 62±26
370 (53) 328 (47)
34 (5) 170 (24) 415 (60) 79 (11)
492 (71) 580 (83) 565 (81) 304 (44)
Men
(n= 471) 67±10 1.99±0.19 206 (44) 175 (37) 120 (26) 63±25
287 (61) 184 (39)
26 (6) 116 (25) 282 (60) 47 (10)
326 (69) 387 (82) 390 (83) 193 (41)
Women (n= 227) 65±13 1.78±0.19 83 (37) 100 (44) 47 (21) 61±27
83 (37) 144 (63)
8 (4)
54 (24) 133 (59) 32 (14)
166 (73) 193 (85) 175 (77) 111 (49)
P-value
0.051
<0.001
0.071 0.081 0.166 0.417
<0.001 <0.001
0.251 0.809 0.747 0.108
0.288 0.346 0.072 0.048
Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. Categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages.
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BSA, body surface area; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Table 2. Echocardiographic characteristics.
LVEDVi (mL/m2) LVESVi (mL/m2)
LVEF (%)
LV GLS (%) *
MR grade, n (%) Moderate Moderate-to-severe Severe
Total population (n= 698)
101
[76-129]
73 [51-97] 29±11 7.8±3.8
125 (18) 305 (44) 268 (38)
Men (n= 471) 104 [81-132] 77 [53-98] 29±11 7.5±3.6
87 (19) 210 (45) 174 (37)
Women (n= 227) 92 [68-122] 66 [44-92] 30±12 8.5±4.1
38 (17) 95 (42) 94 (41)
P-value
<0.001
<0.001
0.180
0.004
0.576 0.495 0.256
Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. Categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages. *LV GLS feasible in N= 660 patients.
LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDVi, indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESVi, indexed left ventricular end-systolic volume; LV GLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; MR, mitral regurgitation.
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