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Chapter 228and total mandibular resections dating from the early 19th century.(6,7) The initial placement of alloplastic material as a treatment for TMD dates back to the mid-19th century. The surgical procedures performed in this first century of TMJ intervention can largely be classified as ‘experimental”, with concepts rarely gaining attention. By the mid-20th century, however, many different types of TMJ surgeries and TMJ replacements were being explored, ranging from disk prosthesis to total joint replacement (TJR). Despite promising short-term results, the long-term results of these systems often proved disappointing, and in some cases resulted in serious inflammation with destruction of the surrounding tissues. As a result, this era of development soon tapered off. Although many different systems were once conceived, only two main manufacturers of serial US Food and Drug Administration-approved, total TMJ prostheses remain globally. An overview of the different prosthetic systems is provided in Tables 2-4.Materials and MethodsInformation about the history and evolution of the TMJ prosthesis over time was gathered by performing a computerized literature search using several databases. This search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.(8) The following databases were used: PubMed Central, Elsevier ScienceDirect Complete, Wiley Online Library Journals, Ovid Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, and Cochrane Library Plus. The following search terms were used: (“TMJ” OR “temporomandibular joint”) AND (“replacement” OR “prosthesis”) AND (“history” OR “evolution” OR “advancement”). The combination in which these terms were used varied slightly depending on the database, although the search terms themselves remained unchanged. To assess the methodological soundness of each article, a quality evaluation was performed using the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (OCEBM LOE) recommendations.(9) Quality was categorized from levels I to V. Articles written in a language other than English, Dutch, German, or French were not included. Nikolas de Meurechy NW.indd 28 05-06-2024 10:14