Page 64 - Migraine, the heart and the brain

Chapter 3
2.1; 95% con dence interval [CI] 1.1–3.9; p=0.02) and 40% of migraineurs without aura (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–4.3; p=0.01). Large RLS were found in 45% of migraineurs with aura vs 28% of controls (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–4.2; p=0.03) and 20% of migraineurs without aura (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6–6.6; p=0.01). The prevalence of spontaneous large RLS was low in migraineurs without aura (1%) compared to controls (16%) and migraineurs with aura (19%). Otherwise, there were no differences in the prevalence of spontaneous RLS among the various groups.
We correlated the presence of total and spontaneous RLS with ongoing recurrence of migraine attacks in the last year as shown in table 3. Migraineurs with spontaneous RLS more frequently had ongoing recurrence of migraine attacks (76%), vs migraineurs without spontaneous RLS (55%) (unadjusted OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2–5.6; p=0.01). When analyzed separately for migraine with and without aura, overrepresentation of participants with migraine with ongoing recurrence of migraine attacks was only found in migraineurswith auraandspontaneousRLS(85%)vswithoutspontaneous RLS (63%) (unadjusted OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.2– 10.1; p=0.02). These results did not change after adjusting for age, sex, and postmenopausal state. Furthermore, migraine inactivity was not due to higher use of migraine prophylactic agents (data not shown). Mean attack frequency was not correlated with the presence or absence of spontaneous RLS (data not shown).
Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Characteristics
Age, y, mean (SD) Women
BMI, mean (SD) Hypertensiona
Diabetesa
Myocardial infarctiona Cardiac arrhythmiaa Pulmonary embolisma Deep venous thrombosisa History of TIAa
History of strokeb Smoking
Ever
Pack-years, mean (SD)
Total
(n = 235)
56 (7.7) 161 (69) 25.5 (3.9) 73 (31) 15 (6)
5 (2) 25 (11) 3 (1)
7 (3) 10 (4) 7 (3)
159 (67) 17 (16)
Controls (n = 69)
55 (7.6) 45 (65) 25.9 (4.1) 22 (32)
0 (0) 3 (4) 5 (7) 0 (0) 2 (3) 1 (1) 0 (0)
46 (67) 17 (16)
Migraine (n = 166)
56 (7.7) 116 (70) 25.3 (3.9) 51 (31)
15 (9)c 2 (1) 20 (12) 3 (2)
5 (3) 9 (5) 7 (4)
113 (68) 17 (15)
Migraine
Aura (n = 96)
56 (8.0) 69 (72) 25.3 (3.3) 31 (32)
7 (7)
1 (1) 15 (16) 1 (1)
3 (3) 4 (4) 3 (3)
66 (69) 15 (14)
No aura (n = 70)
57 (7.6) 47 (67) 25.3 (4.6) 20 (29)
8 (11) 1 (1) 5 (7) 2 (3) 2 (3) 5 (7) 1 (1)
47 (67) 20 (18)
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