Page 126 - Ultrasonography in Prehospital and Emergency Medicine - Rein Ketelaars

Factors
Frequency or value
%
Range
124
Chapter 5
Results
In total, 64 patients (23 males, 41 females) received UGRA by EPs in the ED for a proximal femoral fracture. Demographics, types of fractures, and prehospitally administered analge- sics are displayed in Table 5.2.
Fourteen EPs and EPs in training performed on average 4.6 (95% CI: 3.1, 6.0) ultrasound-guid- ed nerve blocks of which 13 (20.3%) were FICBs and 51 (79.7%) femoral nerve blocks.
Ropivacaine 0.375% was used in 28 (43.8%) patients with a mean volume of 22.8 ml (± 6.6 ml, range 13–40 ml). Ropivacaine 0.75% was used in 36 (56.3%) patients with a mean volume of 18.9 ml (± 2.9 ml, range 10–20 ml). All blocks proceeded uneventfully, although one patient with mild pain on injection and one event of transient periprocedural hypotension, unrelat- ed to LA injection, were reported.
Table 5.2 Demographics and type of fracture
Median age (IQR), years Gender
Male
Female
Type of fracture
Femoral neck Trochanteric Femoral shaft
Laterality
Left femur Right femur
Prehospital analgesics Rate of administration
Paracetamol/Acetaminophen NSAIDs
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
Morphine Esketamine
76 (68–84)
23 35.9 41 64.1
37 57.8 16 25.0 11 17.2
30 46.9 34 53.1
51 79.7 19 37.3 – – 1 2.0 26 51.0 6 11.8 14 27.5
28–95
IQR, interquartile range; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.