Page 121 - Bladder Dysfunction in the Context of the Bladder-Brain Connection - Ilse Groenendijk.pdf

scoring manual,9 transformed into scores ranging from 0 to 100. A higher score on the symptom bother scale indicates a greater symptom severity and a higher score on the HRQOL scale indicates a better HRQOL, so they are inversely related to each other. These two scores, are always be mentioned separately, since the OAB-q SF has no total score.
- The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (European Quality of life 5-Dimension 5-Level question- naire) developed by the EuroQol group, is one of the most used PRO instruments for the measurement of HRQOL.11 It consists of 5 questions addressing mobility, self-care, activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, the answers are transformed to an index value ranging from 0 (inability) to 1 (no problems) by using the accessory index value calculator. In addition, the health state is self-reported by completing a visual analogue scale ( VAS) ranging from 0 “the worst health you can imagine” to 100 “the best health you can imagine”.
- The UDI-6 is a six-item symptom inventory, specific to symptoms associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction. It combines information on irritative, stress and obstructive/discomfort symptoms of the lower urinary tract.12 This questionnaire has been translated and validated in Dutch and the mean score of the six items is converted to a 0-100 scale on the guidance of the scoring manual.13
- The ICIQ-OAB questionnaire indicates the symptom bother of frequency, nocturia, urge and incontinence in 4 questions. The impact on quality of life of these four problems is self-reported by completing four bother scales from 0 to 10. According to the design of the questionnaire the results of the ICIQ-OAB questions are summed creating a score; ICIQ-OAB Q questions. Furthermore, in the present study the bother scales are summed; ICIQ-OAB BS (bother scales), creating a value ranging from 0 to 40 indicating the HRQOL. The design of the questionnaire does not indicate how to calculate the total score of the bother scales.
Cross-cultural adaption
The cross-cultural adaption of the original English OAB-q SF into the Dutch language was done according to the standardized guidelines for linguistic validation.14 The forward- translation of the English OAB-q SF into the Dutch OAB-q SF was performed by three professional native Dutch-speaking translators separately. During a consensus meeting discrepancies between the three translations were discussed with the translators, two urologists (BB and JS) and the primary investigator (IG). The final version (see supple- mentary material) was backward-translated by a native English-speaking translator. To confirm the content validity of the Dutch version, the questionnaire was evaluated face-to-face with 5 patients visiting the Urology outpatient clinic.
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The validation of the Dutch OAB-q SF questionnaire 119