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Supplemental Material176In preparation for an in-depth analysis, from the 14 visualisations that circulated frequently on the open Web, we selected visualisations whose accompanying text was (also) about nanotechnology in food. To limit the data included in the in-depth analysis, we excluded visualisations used only once in the context of nanotechnology in food. Five visualisations were selected. All the URLs on which the five selected visualisations appeared, namely, 157 URLs, were included in the next step of the in-depth analysis.4. In-depth analyses: publication date, tone, storyline The internet enables, to some extent, access to the historical use of a visualisation, because some of its previous uses may still be online (see “digital history” Rogers, 2019, p. 89). Hence, to have an overview of changes in tone and storyline over time, to answer our main research question (what meanings, given the visual and its accompanying text, are carried by circulating visualisations about nanotechnology in food, does the meaning change when these visualisations circulate, and, if so, how?), for each URL included in the in-depth analysis we determined the publication date, based on the text of the page when a publication date was available, and, when a publication date was not available, we used the publication date that appeared in the page source meta tags or the date registered at the XML sitemap (when a publication date did not appear in the page source or the XML sitemap but an update date was available, we used the latter). For some URLs, no publication/update date was determined.In all the URLs included in the in-depth analysis, we coded the URL’s tone towards the topic of the webpage as positive, negative, or neutral. Using ATLAS.ti, we coded the nanotechnology-in-food storyline of the visualisation and its accompanying text. We did so based on the same codebook used for analysing the tweets (Table C1), and also inductively, similar to how we coded the tweets’ storyline (step 2 in section c-a above).Efrat.indd 176 19-09-2023 09:47