Page 102 - Impact of implant retained overdenture treatment and speech, oromyofunction, social participation and quality of life.

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Chapter 4
Statistical Analysis
To compare the changes between the different stages of the treatment a paired samples t-test and a McNemar test was used. We estimated inter-examiner reliability using Cohen’s Kappa. All levels of significance were set at p=0.05. For analysis of the data SPSS statistics 25 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used.
Results
Subjects
From 40 consecutively referred patients, 32 signed the informed consent to participate. One patient refused speech assessment by the independent speech therapist and the other patient couldn’t speak due to neurological problems. Finally 30 patients were enrolled in the treatment protocol. 13 females, 17 males with a mean age of 62.6 (SD 9.0). All participants were native speakers of Dutch. In total 10% (3/30) reported hearing problems,13.3% (4/30) reported open mouth breathing, 10% (3/30) reported bruxism, 6.7% (2/30) reported swallowing problems and 10% (3/30) reported drooling. A treatment of the edentulous maxilla with complete horse-shoe overdentures on MDI’s was performed in this group.
30 patients records are available preoperatively, records of 26 patients with the provisional fixation of the denture on MDI and 25 patients were examined with their final overdenture. Dropout is related to time issues and logistic issues. All measurements were performed after an adaptation period of minimum one month and after minimal prosthetic corrections were finalized.
Articulation profile
Table 1 shows the results of the perceptual evaluation of speech by the speech therapist in the preoperative condition, with provisional fixation of the denture on the MDI’s and with the final overdenture.
The sounds /s/, /z/, /t/, /n/, /l/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are found to be disturbed before treatment in some participants. The most frequently disturbed sound is the /s/. These speech problems consisted of sigmatismus simplex (production of the