Page 146 - Demo

Chapter 5144Experiment 2MethodParticipantsFor the replication and extension of Experiment 1, we aimed to have a comparable sample to Experiment 1 (see above for rationale). Thus, 105 participants were recruited, either via the online recruitment platform SONA of Leiden university (97 participants) or via in-person advertisement at Leiden university between 04/01/2022 and 02/05/2023. Of this sample, two participants had to be excluded due to diagnosed neurodevelopmental conditions, two participants because of software failure and one participant because of missing data. Our final sample consisted of 100 participants (88 female, 12 male), aged between 18 and 26 years (M = 20.02, SD = 2.11). The majority of our participants were Dutch (57 individuals), then German (11 individuals) and Polish (7 individuals), and all participants completed the experiment in English. There was no monetary reimbursement for participation but Leiden university students could receive 3 course credits. Informed consent was provided prior to participation and the study protocol was approval by the local ethics committee of the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences at Leiden University (2022-03-11-M.E.Kret-V2-3838). The experiment was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.StimuliWe used the same stimuli as in Experiment 1.ProcedureThe procedure of the lab study was closely matched to the procedure of the online study (see Figure 1). Participants were brought to a quiet experiment room where the facial electromyography (fEMG) recordings were prepared (see Measurements section). All tasks and questionnaires were presented on a Philips screen with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels (23.6%u201d) which was at approximately 50cm distance of the participant. The background colour of all tasks was uniform grey. Participants always completed an emotion recognition task first (using EPrime 3.0), which was followed by a heartbeat discrimination task (Whitehead et al., 1977; using PsychoPy 2021.2.3) and all questionnaires in an online survey (using Qualtrics,