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Chapter 5130though these tasks were designed to provide insights in the subjective experience of afferent cardiac signals, they are not exclusively reflecting the accurate perception of cardiac interoceptive signals The heartbeat discrimination task, for example, further requires participants to match the subjective experience of the heartbeat timing to the timing of an external stimulus. Diverging task demands might thus also explain the relatively low correspondence between different measures of cardiac interoceptive accuracy (Hickman et al., 2020). Interoceptive accuracy can be assessed in various bodily systems (i.e., domains; Murphy et al., 2018), and performance on objective interoceptive accuracy measures in these distinct domains (e.g., cardiac, respiratory) differs within individuals (Garfinkel et al., 2016).Self-report measures on interoceptive accuracy, as described in the 2x2 factor model, aim to assess the accurate perception of interoceptive signals across domains (referred to as %u201ctrait interoceptive accuracy%u201d in the following; Murphy et al., 2019). The Interoceptive Accuracy Scale requires participants to rate the degree to which their subjective experience of several afferent signals each relate to actual physiological needs. Indicators for evaluating the accurate perception of sensations can be quite diverse, with actually vomiting (when feeling the urge to vomit) or being full (after giving in to hunger) as examples. Although this multifaceted measure of interoceptive accuracy may capture not only interoception but also subjective beliefs and experiences in everyday life, there is evidence that it would correspond to cardiac interoceptive accuracy (Murphy et al., 2020). In previous research on the role of interoception in emotion processing, individuals with higher cardiac interoceptive accuracy have not only been found to show stronger physiological responses (Pollatos & Schandry, 2008) and report more intense emotional experiences (Dirupo et al., 2020; Wiens et al., 2000) when viewing emotional images, but the link between their physiological changes and their subjective arousal levels has also been reported to be stronger (Dunn et al., 2010). This is in line with the suggestion that individuals with high objective interoceptive accuracy would be able to increase the precision of their interoceptive prediction errors relative to their interoceptive priors, and also to other sensory modalities, via attentional processes (Ainley et al., 2016): once physiological changes are detected and propagated in an emotional context, individuals with higher objective interoceptive accuracy should show stronger autonomic responses to emotional stimuli , (i.e., a reinforcement via active inference) as bottom-up interoceptive information should have a stronger influence on