Page 105 - Demo

Facial Mimicry and Metacognition in Facial Emotion Recognition1034participant level by creating the average of the same time window across trials for each participant, each muscle region and each emotion category (categoryaveraged, used as outcome variable in linear models).QuestionnairesSocial anxiety traits measure. We used the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) (Liebowitz, 1987) to measure self-reported social anxiety traits in our non-clinical sample. The LSAS is designed to assess fear and avoidance levels of individuals with social phobia in a range of social interaction and performance scenarios. The questionnaire contains 24 items in total. Respondents score the items for fear and avoidance separately on a 4-point Likert scale, fear: 0 (= None), 1 (= Mild), 2 (= Moderate), 3 (= Severe); avoidance: 0 (= Never), 1 (= Occasionally), 2 (= Often), 3 (= Usually). The scores are all added up to a total sum of all subscales, with higher scores indicating a higher severity of social anxiety symptoms. One participant had missing data for one questionnaire item and another participant had missing data for two questionnaire items, which were estimated using the mice-package(van Buuren & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, 2011) for multiple imputation. The LSAS showed an excellent internal consistency in our sample (%u03b1 = 0.91, 95% CI [0.88, 0.95]). LSAS scores ranged from 7 %u2013 73 (M = 38.53, SD = 17.53), with 30 participants (52.63%) exceeding a score of 30. This score has been described as the best cut-off to discriminate between non-anxious individuals and individuals with SAD (Mennin et al., 2002; Rytwinski et al., 2009). Thus, a broad spectrum of social anxiety trait levels was covered in our sample, with half of the participants showing an indication of clinically relevant social anxiety. The average LSAS scores were considerably higher compared to the healthy validation sample of the LSAS self-report version (M = 13.49, SD = 23.70) (Fresco et al., 2001). With a skewness of 0.21 and a kurtosis of 2.08, the distribution of the LSAS scores showed to be slightly platykurtic, yet close to normal (see Fig.S1[A] in the Supplemental Material).Autistic traits measure. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) is a self-report questionnaire, which was created to measure traits associated with the autism spectrum. The AQ consists of 50 items in total and can be divided into five subscales (10 items each) assessing different domains: social skill, attention switching, attention to detail, communication, and imagination. Respondents indicate how strongly each item applies to them based on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (= definitely agree), 2 (= slightly agree), 3 (= slightly disagree),